score:1

Accepted answer

This happens because you aren't actually drawing the countries. You are drawing the mesh around the countries - and this means that your features aren't countries, but border (and coast) segments.

Normally when drawing countries, each feature is a whole country, and filling the path fills the feature, as you want. Each border between two countries is thus drawn twice. Topojson encodes topology, which breaks the countries shapes into line segments so that each segment is recorded once. The topojson mesh just produces these line segments. Filling a line essentially creates a polygon by linking the first point with the last point. In your map this is quite visible with the coasts of the continental US.

Try converting the topojson to geojson:

topojson.feature(topology, topology.objects.features)

As in the snippet below (using your code):

d3.json('https://unpkg.com/world-atlas@1/world/110m.json', (error, topology) => {
        if (error) throw error;
        let width = 960,
            height = 500;

        let projection = d3.geoMercator().scale('200').translate([width / 2, height / 1.4]);

        let canvas = d3.select('body').append('canvas')
            .attr('width', width)
            .attr('height', height);

        let context = canvas.node().getContext('2d'),
            path = d3.geoPath()
                .context(context)
                .projection(projection);

        context.fillStyle = '#d8d8d8';
        context.strokeStyle = 'black';

        context.beginPath();
        path(topojson.feature(topology, topology.objects.countries));
        context.fill();
        context.stroke()
    });
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3/4.10.0/d3.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://d3js.org/topojson.v2.min.js"></script>


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